Category Archives: pond

Black Locust Coppicing, Part 6

The largest stem currently is approximately 3″ diameter and 16′ tall, and was the only sprout on a 4″ diameter stool

Disclaimer: Outside of its native range (in and around the Appalachian Mountain range in Eastern North America) Black Locust – Robinia Pseudoacacia – can become invasive. It is a pioneer species meant to recolonize disturbed ground and compete with grass. If you are outside of its native range please proceed with caution with this species, or consider using a species native to your area that fills the same niche.

Black Locust Coppicing – Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4, Part 5, …, Part 7

It is now late summer of 2024, the coppicing project has yet to complete two years of growth, and I already have 1 stem (headline picture) which I am very seriously considering taking this winter. My goal with this project is to maintain a strict hand-tools only harvesting method, and anything much beyond 3″ diameter starts to become burdensome to that goal. This thickness of the base allows for a few decent split-log sized pieces as well as a gradient of sizes down to kindling twigs, without ever having to buck large rounds or split anything. Most of the stems are not close to this and will take at least another year or two to be of useful size, but they are progressing at a pace that would seem to put the average stem harvest at 4 years from coppicing. My initial thought had been that I would be harvesting on a 5-8 year rotation, and as of now it seems it may be closer to 3-5 years.

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Failure and Adjustments

Dead and dying lawn and hay fields in mid summer, green forests in the background

This year was an interesting year. I began an entirely new garden project of slightly over half an acre, planted dozens of apples, pears, hazelnuts, and mulberries, a dozen or more grapes, and a dozen blueberries. I brought in 60 yards of mushroom soil and half that of wood mulch, dug and planted six 5′ by 80′ beds of grains, vegetables, flowers, and herbs. I fenced it all in to keep the deer out, set up a gasoline pump to irrigate from the pond (The Farm Pond), and then over the rest of the season watched most of it fail miserably regardless of any efforts on my part.

Central Pennsylvania generally has a mild climate, and doesn’t usually see extremes of any kind except rarely in small doses. We have seen hot, dry summers, the remnants of hurricanes, briefly flooded valleys, late frosts that partly ruin flowering tree crops. This past year we had a dry winter, receiving a total of 6″ of snow for the whole season. In February we had multiple weeks of 60F weather, and in May had frosts down to the low 20s. We had a drought that wouldn’t quit, and a single day of 2″ of rain that just washed everything away instead of soaking in. Now in November, digging to plant garlic has uncovered that the soil is still bone dry. Local farmers exclaimed that in living memory nothing of the sort had ever happened here before, and these farmers are old enough that they should have retired decades ago. Harvests were devastated, many fields were written off as a loss and destroyed, some remain unharvested. Even hay crops were pitifully thin, portending a lean winter to come and thinning of herds on many farms.

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Subsoiler aka Chisel Plow (not a hand tool)

In my last post (Battle Royale (Agrarian Style)) I revealed that I have indeed used a tool on a tractor to accomplish an agrarian goal. I used a single shank subsoiler, aka chisel plow or ripper, to help prepare a hillside to become a productive orchard. There were definitely ways that I could have used hand tools only to suit this purpose, but it would have taken years worth of work and crop rotations. This solution allowed me to jump ahead with minimal investment of time and money, and with minimal negative consequences. Read on if you are interested in the reasons behind this exception to my rule (Hand Tools: The Simple Choice).

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The Farm Pond

Farm_pond_in_jasper_county_iowa

Every farm must have water to function. There are many quite different solutions to this problem from the point of view of crop-raising, from overhead sprinklers to underground drip irrigation, from canal irrigation to raised beds, from biodynamic double digging to hugelkultur. Each of these methods has its own positives and negatives, more importantly they each have a particular environment in which they are the best choice for that space. In areas where there is a kind of rolling topography and a good proportion of clay in the soil, the farm pond shines due to its ease of engineering. Where you have a watershed of two or more acres, you can build a sizable pond. It can be as simple (not easy: simple) as building a straight line dam from one rolling hill to the next.

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